PRECIPITATION-HARDENABLE ALLOYS
THESE ALLOYS ARE strengthened by controlled heating, which precipitates a second phase known as gamma prime, from a supersaturated solution. Precipitation occurs upon reheating a solution-treated and quenched alloy to an appropriate temperature for a specified time. Each alloy will have an optimum thermal cycle to achieve maximum strength in the finished aged condition. Some cast alloys will age directly as the solidified casting cools in the mold. The most important phase from a strengthening standpoint is the ordered face-centered-cubic gamma prime that is based upon the compound Ni3AI. This phase has a high solubility for titanium and niobium; consequently, its composition will vary with the basemetal composition and temperature of formation. Aluminum has the greatest hardening potential, but this is moderated by titanium and niobium. Niobium has the greatest effect on decreasing the aging rate and improves weldability. These alloys are normally welded in the solution treated condition (soft). During welding, some portion
of the HAZ is heated into the aging temperature range. As the weld metal solidifies, the aging HAZ becomes subjected to welding stresses. Under certain postweld combinations of temperature and stress, the weld HAZ may crack. This is known as strain-age cracking. Alloys high in aluminum are the most prone to this type of cracking. The problem is less severe where niobium, which retards the aging action, has been substituted for a significant portion of the aluminum. Consequently, the weld HAZ can remain sufficiently ductile and can yield during heat treatment to relieve high welding
stresses without rupture. The relative weldability of several precipitation-hardenable alloys is indicated in Figure
4.2. Where weldability is of concern, the selection of ERNiFeCr-2 filler metal is usually made.
PRECIPITATION-HARDENABLE ALLOYSTHESE ALLOYS ARE strengthened by controlled heating, which precipitates a second phase known as gamma prime, from a supersaturated solution. Precipitation occurs upon reheating a solution-treated and quenched alloy to an appropriate temperature for a specified time. Each alloy will have an optimum thermal cycle to achieve maximum strength in the finished aged condition. Some cast alloys will age directly as the solidified casting cools in the mold. The most important phase from a strengthening standpoint is the ordered face-centered-cubic gamma prime that is based upon the compound Ni3AI. This phase has a high solubility for titanium and niobium; consequently, its composition will vary with the basemetal composition and temperature of formation. Aluminum has the greatest hardening potential, but this is moderated by titanium and niobium. Niobium has the greatest effect on decreasing the aging rate and improves weldability. These alloys are normally welded in the solution treated condition (soft). During welding, some portionof the HAZ is heated into the aging temperature range. As the weld metal solidifies, the aging HAZ becomes subjected to welding stresses. Under certain postweld combinations of temperature and stress, the weld HAZ may crack. This is known as strain-age cracking. Alloys high in aluminum are the most prone to this type of cracking. The problem is less severe where niobium, which retards the aging action, has been substituted for a significant portion of the aluminum. Consequently, the weld HAZ can remain sufficiently ductile and can yield during heat treatment to relieve high weldingstresses without rupture. The relative weldability of several precipitation-hardenable alloys is indicated in Figure4.2. Where weldability is of concern, the selection of ERNiFeCr-2 filler metal is usually made.
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