The Tenth Amendment of the Constitution declares: "The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the States are reserved to the States respectively, or to the people" These powers are often referred to as the reserve powers of the states and are the basis for their right to legislate in many areas. Despite the federal government's involvement in public policy issues that were formerly the state's exclusive domain, state and local governments also have grown substantially over the past fifty years. Moreover, the trend since 1980 toward devolution to the states, the new federalism, has meant that many of these governments now are often at the leading edge of policy development (and many are not). The potential for policy innovation at the state and local levels is explored in later chapters.