Introduction
The stomach of ruminants comprises of rumen, reticulum,
omasum, and abomasum. Among these, rumen is
the largest compartment and is further divided into different
sacs. It is one of the most diverse ecosystems in
nature, which harbors a complex microbial community
represented by different types of bacteria, archaea, fungi,
and ciliated protozoa (Table 1). These microbes are involved
in the initial conversion of feed plant polymers to
monomers and ultimately to volatile fatty acids that fulfils
the carbon and energy needs of ruminants (Krause et
al. 2003).