To assess the status of, and factors associated with, residents’ knowledge,
attitudes, and practices (KAP) related to air pollution and respiratory health of children in
Shanghai, we conducted a cross-sectional survey. Demographic factors associated with
residents’ knowledge were identified by multiple logistic regressions. The questionnaires
were completed by 972 participants, half from the Shanghai Children Hospital and the other
half from the Jiading communities. Half of the participants’ scores of knowledge and
attitudes were equal or greater than 8.0 on a 9-point scale, over 75% of respondents’ practice
scores were equal to or less than 4.0. Our studies demonstrated a significant difference of
average knowledge scores between the two groups (t = 1.27, p < 0.05). The parents’
educational level (OR = 1.89, 2.48) and average annual household income (AAHI)
(OR = 2.37, 2.40, 2.12) were the two strongest factors on knowledge awareness. In addition,
statistical analysis revealed a significant difference between the two groups in their attitudes