There are five major categories of change affecting
freshwater ecosystems (Naiman et al. 1995, 1998b).
These are human demography, resource use (especially
as it affects environmental quality), patterns of water
consumption, technology development, and social organization.
Collectively, these result in one or more of
the following types of changes: physical restructuring
of aquatic ecosystems, introduction of exotic species,
discharge of toxic substances, or overharvesting of resources
(Rapport and Whitford 1999).
Human demography.—Projected changes in the
world’s population are well known (Turner et al. 1990,
Cohen 1995). The world’s population likely will likely
There are five major categories of change affectingfreshwater ecosystems (Naiman et al. 1995, 1998b).These are human demography, resource use (especiallyas it affects environmental quality), patterns of waterconsumption, technology development, and social organization.Collectively, these result in one or more ofthe following types of changes: physical restructuringof aquatic ecosystems, introduction of exotic species,discharge of toxic substances, or overharvesting of resources(Rapport and Whitford 1999).Human demography.—Projected changes in theworld’s population are well known (Turner et al. 1990,Cohen 1995). The world’s population likely will likely
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