Vesico-vaginal fistulae complicating caesarean section account for 5–9% of all cases [63], [64] and [65]. Currently this complication is rarely seen in the developed world, but is common in developing countries in obstructed labour where there is necrosis of the anterior vaginal wall and the bladder. These fistulae typically present with continuous incontinence 7–14 days after delivery and if suspected should be investigated with cystourethroscopy, dye testing and intravenous urogram.