This study is not without limitations. Firstly, the sample is limited to the respondents working in MNCs in the Northern Region of Malaysia, with the focus of manufacturing companies in Penang. Therefore, the validity of the findings cannot be generalized to organizations across different industries in the whole of Malaysia. Secondly, this study only draws on data collected on cross-sectional basis. This limits the inferences with regards to causality between variables. Future research can also consider conducting a longitudinal study as it will provide a more meaningful and robust result.