5. Conclusion
In this study, RS was investigated to study its dependence on
the fermentation technique and different breadmaking conditions
(fermentation time and temperature) as well as the addition of
palm oil into bread formulation. Both fermentation methods were
found to be useful techniques to influence RS formation and hence
potentially increase the known health benefits. The highest content was found in rye sourdough fermentation sample while the
lowest RS content was detected after the bulk fermentation of
wheat and wheat/oat blend varieties with addition of 8% palm
oil. Palm oil also decreased the RS content in rye bread when added
at 8% attributed to the amylose complexion with vegetable oil. The
rye sourdough fermentation gave the greatest formation in RS
levels. Temperature and time of fermentation and proofing had
no significant effect on RS levels. Rye sourdough fermentation,
because of the lowering of pH, had a greater effect on RS formation
than the bulk fermented wholemeal breads.