In considering discourse analysis and education, there are two logicallypossible areas of application. One could (1) study the_Wsconrse_of.teaE!!ffig· jtself, as part of a study of institutional language. Alternatively, one could(2) teach about discourse and communication, as part of the content of aforeign language or mother tongue syllabus. There are two main topics for(1) a study off classroom. One is spoken classroom interactionbetween teacher and students, and this has been ~-major research area in thescience since the late 1960s. The other ls the study of the discourseorganisation of written teaching texts, primarily "textbooks" and relatedmaterial. Education in Western schools and higher education is, in thesesenses, predominantly verbal and textual (cf. Van Dijk, 1981, p. 2), and astu<;ly of teaching itself therefore demands a study of its written and spokendiscourse. Possibility (2), teaching about discourse and communication,could also have two rather different emphases. The main aim might be toincrease students' communicative competence, by giving them more abilityin a wider range of discourse types, and therefore increasing the functionalpotential of students' language (cf. Halliday, 1978, p. 57). Alternatively,one could teach directly the theory of discourse analysis, as part of a courseon language or linguistics. Teaching about language in the education systemusually means teaching about either grammar or literature, with only unsystematic
discussion of the wide variety of non-literary discourse.
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