Pneumothorax is more frequent in the neonatal period than at any other time in life[1].
Symptomatic pneumothorax occurs in 0.08% of all live births[1] and in 5% to 7% of infants with birth weight of less than 1500 gr[2,3].
The risk for pneumothorax is higher in infants with respiratory distress syndrome, meconium aspiration syndrome, and pulmonary hypoplasia and in infants who need resuscitation at birth.
Continuous positive airway pressure and positive pressure ventilation further increase the incidence of pneumothorax[2,3].
Surfactant, use of synchronized or volume ventilation, and high-rate, low-tidal-volume ventilation decrease the incidence of pneumothorax[4-7].