the Ministry of Finance (JCL, 2014; MEC,2014). Costs were estimated for the 11 biannual scenarios and referred to 2014 using a nominal annual interest rate published by the Bank of Spain of 0.55% (BDE, 2014). Prices were increased in 2.5% per annum to account for inflation, and further increased by 2% per annum to reflect the assumption that willingness to pay for health will rise in line with economic growth assuming a similar behaviour in Spain to that of the United Kingdom (Defra, 2011). A mean Sterling to Euro exchange rate was calculated from the 2012 daily spot exchange rates published by the Bank of England (BE, 2014). Damage costs on ecosystems, soils or water bodies are not being presently addressed in AERIS.