Body weight, height, and waist circumference were measured by trained research assistants. Weight was measured using calibrated electronic weighing scales (Proton Digital Scale, Model PHC 309 MD) and height was measured using a Portable Height Scale (Mentone Educational, Model PE087, Australia).
Waist circumference (WC) was measured using an anthropometric tape at a level midway between the lower rib margin and iliac crest with the tape all around the body in a horizontal position.
Body mass index (BMI) was calculated as body weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared. Participants with BMI equal 25–29.9 kg/m2 were defined as overweight while those with BMI equal to/greater than 30.0 kg/m2 were defined as obese according to definition by WHO [19].