Trials that examined any intervention intended to reduce the in- cidence or severity of pelvic and back pain in pregnancy. We did not put parameters on the types of interventions. We grouped the trials to allow us to examine interventions that specificallyad- dressed back pain, pelvic pain or the two in combination. Un- der each population, we grouped the interventions under exercise, manual therapy, acupuncture, multi-modal approach, pelvic belts and pillows, depending on the trials identified. Interventions were compared to usual prenatal care (in some trials referred to as ’no treatment’), or usual prenatal care plus another intervention.