Questionnaire items were identified to measure the remaining study variables based on the descriptions found in the literature (Locke and Latham 1990; Steers and Porter 1974). Responses to all questionnaire items were recorded using a five-point Likert scale (ranging from 1 = strongly disagree to 5 = strongly agree), or a five-point frequency of occurrence scale (almost never, rarely, sometimes, often, almost always). Multiple items were used to measure all seven study variables. The appendix presents the questionnaire items and coding scales associated with all measures.