forests may contribute via their increasing area worldwide to biodiversity conservation by
serving as secondary habitats as well as by reducing negative impacts on remaining primary forest ecosystems. Similar to other forest ecosystems, plantation forests will suffer
from direct impacts of climate change such as higher storm and fire frequencies or outbreaks of pests and diseases. However, the authors conclude that the adaptation of forest
management is likely to have greater effects on biodiversity in plantation forests than direct
climate impacts. They advocate a landscape-level concept for the design and management
of plantation forests to maximize the opportunities for biodiversity conservation of plantation ecosystems in a changing climate.