Ranges. Targets have performance ranges (e., g., above, on, or below target ).
Encodings. Ranges are encoded in software, enabling the visual display of performance
Time frames. Targets are assigned time frames by which they must be accomplished. A time frame is often divided into smaller intervals to provide performance or more complex rules.
Benchmarks. Targets are measured against a baseline or benchmark. The previous year’s results often sever as a benchmark, but arbitrary numbers or external benchmarks may also be used.