in their exploratory study, Bertucci, Johnson, Johnson & Conte (2011) analyzed the effects of task and resource interdependence on achievement and social support. Researchers manipulated two cooperative learning groups (positive task and positive resource) by holding positive goal interdependence constant in both of them and a control group (individual stu- dents). Results indicated that students in both of the CL conditions outperformed students who worked individually. Corresponding to results concerning social support, researchers suggested teachers should structure either task interdependence or resource interdependence to develop academic support among students, whereas establishing especially resource interdependence when they wish to promote personal support among group members.