Treatment of high-risk childhood neuroblastoma is a clinical challenge which has been hampered by a
lack of reliable neuroblastoma mouse models for preclinical drug testing. We have previously established
invasive and metastasising patient-derived orthotopic xenografts (PDXs) from high-risk
neuroblastomas that retained the genotypes and phenotypes of patient tumours. Given the important
role of the tumour microenvironment in tumour progression, metastasis, and treatment responses, here
we analysed the tumour microenvironment of five neuroblastoma PDXs in detail. The PDXs resembled
their parent tumours and retained important stromal hallmarks of aggressive lesions including rich blood
and lymphatic vascularisation, pericyte coverage, high numbers of cancer-associated fibroblasts, tumourassociated
macrophages, and extracellular matrix components. Patient-derived tumour endothelial cells
occasionally formed blood vessels in PDXs; however, tumour stroma was, overall, of murine origin. Lymphoid
cells and lymphatic endothelial cells were found in athymic nude mice but not in NSG mice; thus,
the choice of mouse strain dictates tumour microenvironmental components. The murine tumour microenvironment
of orthotopic neuroblastoma PDXs reflects important hallmarks of aggressive and metastatic
clinical neuroblastomas. Neuroblastoma PDXs are clinically relevant models for preclinical drug testing.
© 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY
Treatment of high-risk childhood neuroblastoma is a clinical challenge which has been hampered by alack of reliable neuroblastoma mouse models for preclinical drug testing. We have previously establishedinvasive and metastasising patient-derived orthotopic xenografts (PDXs) from high-riskneuroblastomas that retained the genotypes and phenotypes of patient tumours. Given the importantrole of the tumour microenvironment in tumour progression, metastasis, and treatment responses, herewe analysed the tumour microenvironment of five neuroblastoma PDXs in detail. The PDXs resembledtheir parent tumours and retained important stromal hallmarks of aggressive lesions including rich bloodand lymphatic vascularisation, pericyte coverage, high numbers of cancer-associated fibroblasts, tumourassociatedmacrophages, and extracellular matrix components. Patient-derived tumour endothelial cellsoccasionally formed blood vessels in PDXs; however, tumour stroma was, overall, of murine origin. Lymphoidcells and lymphatic endothelial cells were found in athymic nude mice but not in NSG mice; thus,the choice of mouse strain dictates tumour microenvironmental components. The murine tumour microenvironmentof orthotopic neuroblastoma PDXs reflects important hallmarks of aggressive and metastaticclinical neuroblastomas. Neuroblastoma PDXs are clinically relevant models for preclinical drug testing.© 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY
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