It has been traditionally thought that protein denaturation could result during freezing due to an increased intracellular ionic strength following the migration of water to the extracellular spaces. Nonetheless, this mechanism has been refuted by several authors. Añón and Cavelo (1980), Mietsch, Halász, and Farkas (1994) and Ngapo et al. (1999) all suggested that protein denaturation does not contribute significantly to quality loss, as they found no significant differences in the amount and composition of proteins in the drip collected from fresh samples and those samples that had been frozen and immediately thawed. Some of these authors also used sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS PAGE), capillary gel electrophoresis (CGE) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) to study the patterns of the protein exudate fraction and found no significant differences between the aforementioned samples. It was, however, noted by these authors that the time and temperature of the sample storage may have influenced the results obtained and no new explanations were offered with regard to the loss of meat quality during freezing. It would consequently be very beneficial to evaluate the drip composition of such samples using more modern techniques, such as proteomics.
After analysing meat samples for protein denaturation using DSC thermograms, Wagner and Añón (1985) reported that myosin was the protein most affected by freezing. The myofibrillar proteins were reportedly denatured irrespective of the freezing rate, causing unfolding of the protein and resulting in a lower enthalpy value. By comparing the data from the DSC thermograms, enthalpy change and ATPase activity, these researchers concluded that slow freezing causes more pronounced protein denaturation than rapid freezing. Benjakul, Visessanguan, Thongkaew, and Tanaka (2003) found that freezing and frozen storage caused a marked decrease in Ca2+-ATPase activity and an increase in Mg2+-EGTA-ATPase activity, which translates into denaturation of myosin and the troponin–tropomyosin complex. They also reported strong interactions between protein oxidation (formation of carbonyls) and protein denaturation. The contradictory results reported in the various studies suggest that more research is required to establish the mechanisms involved in protein denaturation during freezing and frozen storage.
It has been traditionally thought that protein denaturation could result during freezing due to an increased intracellular ionic strength following the migration of water to the extracellular spaces. Nonetheless, this mechanism has been refuted by several authors. Añón and Cavelo (1980), Mietsch, Halász, and Farkas (1994) and Ngapo et al. (1999) all suggested that protein denaturation does not contribute significantly to quality loss, as they found no significant differences in the amount and composition of proteins in the drip collected from fresh samples and those samples that had been frozen and immediately thawed. Some of these authors also used sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS PAGE), capillary gel electrophoresis (CGE) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) to study the patterns of the protein exudate fraction and found no significant differences between the aforementioned samples. It was, however, noted by these authors that the time and temperature of the sample storage may have influenced the results obtained and no new explanations were offered with regard to the loss of meat quality during freezing. It would consequently be very beneficial to evaluate the drip composition of such samples using more modern techniques, such as proteomics.
After analysing meat samples for protein denaturation using DSC thermograms, Wagner and Añón (1985) reported that myosin was the protein most affected by freezing. The myofibrillar proteins were reportedly denatured irrespective of the freezing rate, causing unfolding of the protein and resulting in a lower enthalpy value. By comparing the data from the DSC thermograms, enthalpy change and ATPase activity, these researchers concluded that slow freezing causes more pronounced protein denaturation than rapid freezing. Benjakul, Visessanguan, Thongkaew, and Tanaka (2003) found that freezing and frozen storage caused a marked decrease in Ca2+-ATPase activity and an increase in Mg2+-EGTA-ATPase activity, which translates into denaturation of myosin and the troponin–tropomyosin complex. They also reported strong interactions between protein oxidation (formation of carbonyls) and protein denaturation. The contradictory results reported in the various studies suggest that more research is required to establish the mechanisms involved in protein denaturation during freezing and frozen storage.
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