Every chemical reaction requires some time for its completion, but som การแปล - Every chemical reaction requires some time for its completion, but som เวียดนาม วิธีการพูด

Every chemical reaction requires so

Every chemical reaction requires some time for its completion, but some reactions are very fast and others very slow. Reactions between ions in solution without change in oxidation state are usually extremely fast. An example is the neutralization ofan acid by a base, which proceeds as fast as the solutions can be mixed. Presumable nearly every timea hydronium ion collides with a hydroxide ion reaction occurs, and the number of collisions is very great, so that there is little delay in the reaction. The formation of aprecipitate,such as that of silver chloride when a solution containing silver ion is mixed with a solution containing chloride ion, may require a few seconds, to permit the ions to diffuse together
to form the crystalline grains of the precipitate. On the other hand, ionic oxida
tion-reduction reactions are sometimes very slow. An example is the oxidation of
stannous ion by ferric ion. This reaction does not occur every time a stannous ion collides with one or two ferric ions. In order for the reaction to take place, the collision must be of such a nature that electrons can be transferred from one ion to another, and collisions, which permit this electron transfer to occur, may be rare.
The factors, which determine the rate of a reaction, are manifold. The rate depends not only upon the composition of the reacting substances, but also upon their physical form, the intimacy of their mixture, the temperature and pressure, the concentrations of the reactants, special physical circumstances such as irradiation with visible light, ultraviolet light, X-rays, neutrons, or other waves or particles, and the presence of other substances which affect the reaction but are not changed by it/catalysts/.
Most actual chemical processes are very complicated, and the analysis of their rate is very difficult. As reaction proceeds the reacting substances are used up and new ones are formed; the temperature of the system is changed by the heat evolved or absorbedby the reaction; and other effects may occur which influence the reaction in a complex way. For example, when a drop of a solution of potassium permanganate is added to a solution containing hydrogen peroxide and sulfuric acid no detectable reaction may occur for several minutes. The reaction speeds up, and finally the rate may become so great as to decolorize a steady steam of permanganate solution as rapidly as it is poured into the reducing solution. This effect of the speeding up of the reaction is due to the vigorous catalytic action of the products of permanganate ion reduc
tion: the reaction is rapidly accelerated as soon as they are formed.




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ผลลัพธ์ (เวียดนาม) 1: [สำเนา]
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Every chemical reaction requires some time for its completion, but some reactions are very fast and others very slow. Reactions between ions in solution without change in oxidation state are usually extremely fast. An example is the neutralization ofan acid by a base, which proceeds as fast as the solutions can be mixed. Presumable nearly every timea hydronium ion collides with a hydroxide ion reaction occurs, and the number of collisions is very great, so that there is little delay in the reaction. The formation of aprecipitate,such as that of silver chloride when a solution containing silver ion is mixed with a solution containing chloride ion, may require a few seconds, to permit the ions to diffuse together to form the crystalline grains of the precipitate. On the other hand, ionic oxidation-reduction reactions are sometimes very slow. An example is the oxidation ofstannous ion by ferric ion. This reaction does not occur every time a stannous ion collides with one or two ferric ions. In order for the reaction to take place, the collision must be of such a nature that electrons can be transferred from one ion to another, and collisions, which permit this electron transfer to occur, may be rare. The factors, which determine the rate of a reaction, are manifold. The rate depends not only upon the composition of the reacting substances, but also upon their physical form, the intimacy of their mixture, the temperature and pressure, the concentrations of the reactants, special physical circumstances such as irradiation with visible light, ultraviolet light, X-rays, neutrons, or other waves or particles, and the presence of other substances which affect the reaction but are not changed by it/catalysts/. Most actual chemical processes are very complicated, and the analysis of their rate is very difficult. As reaction proceeds the reacting substances are used up and new ones are formed; the temperature of the system is changed by the heat evolved or absorbedby the reaction; and other effects may occur which influence the reaction in a complex way. For example, when a drop of a solution of potassium permanganate is added to a solution containing hydrogen peroxide and sulfuric acid no detectable reaction may occur for several minutes. The reaction speeds up, and finally the rate may become so great as to decolorize a steady steam of permanganate solution as rapidly as it is poured into the reducing solution. This effect of the speeding up of the reaction is due to the vigorous catalytic action of the products of permanganate ion reduc
tion: the reaction is rapidly accelerated as soon as they are formed.




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ผลลัพธ์ (เวียดนาม) 2:[สำเนา]
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Mỗi phản ứng hóa học đòi hỏi một số thời gian để hoàn thành nó, nhưng một số phản ứng rất nhanh và những người khác rất chậm. Phản ứng giữa các ion trong dung dịch mà không thay đổi trạng thái oxy hóa thường cực kỳ nhanh chóng. Một ví dụ là việc trung hòa axit ofan bởi một cơ sở, trong đó tiến nhanh như các giải pháp có thể được trộn lẫn. Có đoán được gần như mọi ion hydronium Timea va chạm với một ion hydroxide phản ứng xảy ra, và số va chạm là rất lớn, vì vậy mà có rất ít sự chậm trễ trong phản ứng. Sự hình thành của aprecipitate, chẳng hạn như của bạc clorua khi một dung dịch chứa ion bạc được trộn với một dung dịch chứa ion clorua, có thể yêu cầu một vài giây, cho phép các ion để khuếch tán với nhau
để tạo thành các hạt tinh thể của chất kết tủa. Mặt khác, oxida ion
phản ứng tion-giảm đôi khi rất chậm. Một ví dụ là quá trình oxy hóa của
ion thiếc bằng ion sắt. Phản ứng này không xảy ra mỗi khi một ion thiếc va chạm với một hoặc hai ion sắt. Để cho phản ứng xảy ra, sự va chạm phải có bản chất như vậy mà các điện tử có thể được chuyển từ một ion khác, và va chạm, trong đó cho phép chuyển electron này xảy ra, có thể là hiếm.
Các yếu tố, trong đó xác định tỷ lệ của một phản ứng, rất đa dạng. Tỷ lệ phụ thuộc không chỉ vào các thành phần của các chất phản ứng, nhưng cũng theo hình thức vật lý của họ, sự thân mật của hỗn hợp của họ, nhiệt độ và áp suất, nồng độ của các chất phản ứng, trường hợp đặc biệt vật lý như chiếu xạ với ánh sáng nhìn thấy, tia cực tím, X-quang, neutron, hoặc sóng hoặc hạt khác, và sự hiện diện của các chất khác có ảnh hưởng đến phản ứng nhưng không được thay đổi bởi nó / chất xúc tác /.
Hầu hết các quá trình hóa học thực tế là rất phức tạp, và việc phân tích các tỷ lệ của họ là rất khó khăn. Khi phản ứng tiến hành các chất phản ứng được sử dụng hết và những người mới được hình thành; nhiệt độ của hệ thống bị thay đổi do nhiệt phát triển hoặc absorbedby phản ứng; và các hiệu ứng khác có thể xảy ra có ảnh hưởng đến các phản ứng theo một cách phức tạp. Ví dụ, khi một giọt dung dịch kali permanganat được thêm vào một dung dịch chứa hydrogen peroxide và axít sulfuric không có phản ứng phát hiện có thể xảy ra trong vài phút. Các phản ứng tăng tốc, và cuối cùng là tỷ lệ có thể trở nên quá lớn để làm phai một hơi ổn định của dung dịch permanganat nhanh như nó được đổ vào các giải pháp giảm thiểu. Tác dụng này của việc đẩy nhanh các phản ứng là do các hành động xúc tác mạnh mẽ của các sản phẩm của ion permanganat reduc
tion: phản ứng được nhanh chóng tăng tốc ngay khi chúng được hình thành.




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