There is much evidence to support the conclusion that economic affluence and related social change are needed to improve the chance of democratic consolidation. Lipset (1959, 1960) was the first to demonstrate this statistically, showing that the stability of democratic government is positively correlated with measures of affluence and economic modernization. Indicators of wealth such as per capita income, the percentage of the population owning motor cars, and the number of doctors, radios and telephones per thousand population, were combined with measures of industrialization such as the proportion of the population still engaged in agriculture, and measures of social development such as literacy rates, educational enrolments and levels of urbanization. Correlations were found with democratic stability in Latin America, Europe and the English-speaking countries.