General gut morphology, gut pH and presence of peritrophic
membrane in S. levis larvae
The gut of the larvae is composed of a very short foregut, a large
midgut that is anteriorly dilated and a medium-size hindgut
(Fig. 1). The midgut is made up of a simple linear tube –
ventriculus. The ventriculus is 1.58 0.08 cm long and has a
decreasing diameter from its anterior region (0.20) to the posteriorregion, with an average diameter of 0.06 cm. The hindgut is
0.78 0.09 cm long and 0.050 0.005 wide. The pH values (n = 7)
vary throughout the contents of the midgut: 5.5 0.2 in the anterior
midgut (V1, see Fig. 1), 6.5 0.1 in the middle portion of the midgut
(V2 + V3) and 7.6 0.2 in posterior midgut (V4).
The presence of the peritrophic membrane (PM) in the midgut
was detected by dissection. In the anterior region, there is a viscous
material surrounding food, whereas a PM may be picked up with a
fine forceps in the posterior midgut, especially in V3 and V4. These
results signify that the contents are surrounded by a peritrophic gel
(PG) in anterior midgut (Terra, 2001) and a PMin posterior midgut
General gut morphology, gut pH and presence of peritrophic
membrane in S. levis larvae
The gut of the larvae is composed of a very short foregut, a large
midgut that is anteriorly dilated and a medium-size hindgut
(Fig. 1). The midgut is made up of a simple linear tube –
ventriculus. The ventriculus is 1.58 0.08 cm long and has a
decreasing diameter from its anterior region (0.20) to the posteriorregion, with an average diameter of 0.06 cm. The hindgut is
0.78 0.09 cm long and 0.050 0.005 wide. The pH values (n = 7)
vary throughout the contents of the midgut: 5.5 0.2 in the anterior
midgut (V1, see Fig. 1), 6.5 0.1 in the middle portion of the midgut
(V2 + V3) and 7.6 0.2 in posterior midgut (V4).
The presence of the peritrophic membrane (PM) in the midgut
was detected by dissection. In the anterior region, there is a viscous
material surrounding food, whereas a PM may be picked up with a
fine forceps in the posterior midgut, especially in V3 and V4. These
results signify that the contents are surrounded by a peritrophic gel
(PG) in anterior midgut (Terra, 2001) and a PMin posterior midgut
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