These estimates are statistically significant at the 1% level. Planting orchards had no effect on male educational attainment. The estimates in column (4) show that planting tea decreased the male–female difference in educational attainment, whereas planting orchards increased the difference. The latter is statistically significant at the 1% level. The sample size for the estimate in column (4) is smaller than the sample size for the estimate in column (1) because not every county-birth year cell contains both males and females. The estimates for all category 2 cash crops are close to zero and statistically insignificant.