Food processing steps, such as heat treatment, influence the
matrix structure and can modify the digestion and absorption
kinetics of nutrients. For example, heat treatment could modify the conformation of a protein and consequently its susceptibility to enzymes. Mullally et al. [31] showed that heatinduced unfolding increased the susceptibility of betalactoglobulin to proteolysis by pepsin and trypsin. Furthermore, molecular interactions (protein–protein, protein–polysaccharide or protein–lipid) could modify the enzymatic
susceptibility of a protein and its behavior in the acidic pH
of the stomach. Recently, Lacroix et al. [24] demonstrated that
the transformation of dietary nitrogen into serum amino acids,
proteins and urea was significantly higher in ultra-high temperature than in the pasteurized milk, suggesting that the
digestive kinetics and metabolism of dietary proteins are
modified. Thus, the kinetics of protein digestion and the
release of amino acids may vary between foods that seem
quite similar and different food forms could induce different
satiating effects. Viscous (yogurt) and solid (cheese) foods
have increased satiety compared to liquids (milk) [25]. The
effect of the modification of yogurt composition on satiety has
been studied, but mostly with regards to added fiber (inulin,
guar) and/or an increased amount of protein [26, 35]. Little
information has been reported on the satiating effect of yogurt
containing different ratios of casein and whey protein and the
impact of milk heating on the digestion kinetics of yogurt. To
assess the effect of milk protein composition on digestion,
yogurts of varying compositions were studied. Two heating
times were chosen to evaluate the impact of protein denaturation. After the yogurt was manufactured, in vitro digestion
experiments were performed to assess the bioaccessibility of
nitrogenous nutrients. A better understanding of the optimal
matrices’ characteristics needed to release these key nutrients
will support functional dairy foods that could improve weight
management in obese individuals.
Food processing steps, such as heat treatment, influence thematrix structure and can modify the digestion and absorptionkinetics of nutrients. For example, heat treatment could modify the conformation of a protein and consequently its susceptibility to enzymes. Mullally et al. [31] showed that heatinduced unfolding increased the susceptibility of betalactoglobulin to proteolysis by pepsin and trypsin. Furthermore, molecular interactions (protein–protein, protein–polysaccharide or protein–lipid) could modify the enzymaticsusceptibility of a protein and its behavior in the acidic pHof the stomach. Recently, Lacroix et al. [24] demonstrated thatthe transformation of dietary nitrogen into serum amino acids,proteins and urea was significantly higher in ultra-high temperature than in the pasteurized milk, suggesting that thedigestive kinetics and metabolism of dietary proteins aremodified. Thus, the kinetics of protein digestion and therelease of amino acids may vary between foods that seemquite similar and different food forms could induce differentsatiating effects. Viscous (yogurt) and solid (cheese) foodshave increased satiety compared to liquids (milk) [25]. Theeffect of the modification of yogurt composition on satiety hasbeen studied, but mostly with regards to added fiber (inulin,guar) and/or an increased amount of protein [26, 35]. Littleinformation has been reported on the satiating effect of yogurtcontaining different ratios of casein and whey protein and theimpact of milk heating on the digestion kinetics of yogurt. Toassess the effect of milk protein composition on digestion,yogurts of varying compositions were studied. Two heatingtimes were chosen to evaluate the impact of protein denaturation. After the yogurt was manufactured, in vitro digestionexperiments were performed to assess the bioaccessibility ofnitrogenous nutrients. A better understanding of the optimalmatrices’ characteristics needed to release these key nutrientswill support functional dairy foods that could improve weightmanagement in obese individuals.
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