After World War II interest in the historical development of old business firms increased and research was carried out based upon the actual data in account books and records of the famous Mitsui, Koonoike, Nakai, Hasegawa and some more Families of the Tokugawa period. In 1962 Eiichiro Ogura, Professor of Economics, Shiga National University published an outstanding book, Goshu Nakaike Choainoho (Bookkeeping Method of the Nakai Family)3 It was based upon the actual books and records of a prosperous business in drugs, dry goods, grain, etc. for a period of over one hundred and fifty years from 1734. More than 30 branches scattered over the country were controlled by the head of the family through annual balancing and reporting of accounts. Imputed interest was charged to each branch in evaluating their operations. A distinction of Nakai’s bookkeeping was that its main ledger, daifukucho, contained all accounts from which tanaoroshi mokuroku (inventory accounts) were prepared every year. The inventory accounts were in three parts showing respectively operating results from a balance sheet calculation of capital, liabilities and assets, and an itemized and a summarized statement of income.