Coal power holds a dominant position in China's power generation mix, which is associated with 90% of China's domestic SO2 emissions, 70% of the dust emissions, 67% of NOx emissions, and 70% of CO2 emissions. As the world's largest coal consumer, China's power industry is now confronted with dual challenges of global climate change and serious domestic air pollution. Therefore, clean coal technology will play an essential role in China's power sector. Since coal will continue to be the most important energy source for power supply, clean coal technology with higher efficiency and lower emissions is the key for China to achieve sustainable development.