The colorimetric test for L⁄, a⁄ and b⁄ was performed on a Minolta Chroma Meter CR-300 (Minolta Corporation, Ramsey,NJ), which was calibrated ever day before use. The colorimeter was placed directly on the surface of the 283 ml container of caramel and the CIE Illuminant C was used. The color test was performed before samples were taken from the container for moisture analysis or aw to ensure the surface of the caramel was unaltered. Each caramel, made in duplicate, was tested five times resulting in n = 10 for each caramel formulation.