Water quality of the coastal is a very significant factor for sea
monitoring. Many animals live in areas close to the coastline
because the principal volume of nutrients is found in these areas.
Coastal waters are composed of salt water, particles, living
animals, dissolve organic matter, suspended sediments. All these
are named suspended material (SM). The suspended sediment
and dissolves organic matter can affect detect by changing the
scattering and absorption properties of water (Fiuza Borges et al,
2011). Many factors such as suspended particle size, shape and
color can have large influences on spectral properties of water.
Remote sensing can be used to monitor the occurrence and
estimate the concentration of algae. Satellite Remote sensing
data, which are a useful source of information and provides
timely and widespread coverage of any specific areas, have
demonstrated useful in assessing the natural resources and
monitoring the land use and land cover (Muttitanon and Tripathi,
2005). Remote sensing can be applied to water bodies because
energy is absorbed, as well as reflected by water. The reflectance
properties of water are a function of the water and the material in
the water (organic and/or inorganic material). If the water has a
large amount of suspended sediment present, than a higher visible
reflectance result compared to clearer waters. Turbulent water
will also affect the amount of energy absorbed and transmitted.
The amount of chlorophyll will also affect the amount of water
reflectance. An increase in chlorophyll will result in a decrease
of blue wavelengths and increase in green wavelengths. Base on
the complexity of water properties there is no universal algorithm
to determine suspended material in water. The spectral response
pattern of the suspended materials is distinguished on the image.
(Lillesand and Kiefer, 1979)
2. MATERIAL AND