of non-working residents (sick and disabled residents, unemployed,
and students) were included in this table in order to compare
results between the areas. Table 5 shows that the levels of sick
and disabled residents were similar inNorth Tyneside (5.8–7.0%)
and slightly higher in Seaburn (Sunderland) (8.9%). Distinguishing
between students and unemployed residents was important to
give a full picture of the areas by showing percentages of people
who perhaps do not commute on a regular basis, but are likely to
be travel active to some extent. The process of leaving flexibility
in the final choice, after application of the GIS query, was found
to be useful in fine-tuning the choice of sample frame, but it is
important to create a balance between flexibility and allowing
the process of GIS hotspot determination to work.