During the Phahon era (1933-38), new commercial regulations were introduced and the state invested in a range of capitalist enterprises: sugar mills were established in Chonburi and Lampang, a paper mill in Kanachanaburi, and a silk factory in Nakhon govern ment slaughterhouse was constructed in Bangkok, while the Ministry of Defence opened a cloth factory and, with Japanese assistance, set up an oil refinery. In addition, there were plans for limiting coastal shipping to Thaj vessels, manned by Thai nationals.