According to Rolfe et al. (2012), lag
phase represents the earliest stage of the microorganism life cycle
which is responsible for adaptation to the new environment. Many
research works had been done with a focus on the lag phase of MA
in order to identify the physiological and regulatory processes
involved to improve its growth performance (Hanagata et al., 1998;
Mulderij et al., 2003; Haumann et al., 2005).