The firmness of macaroni was measured according to the method
described byWalsh and Gilles (1971) with some modifications using a
Universal texture measuring system (LLOYDS instruments, LR-5 K,
Hampshire, UK). Cooked macaroni samples were immediately trans-
ferred to a 250 ml beaker containing distilled water, at room
temperature. Two cooked macaroni strands were placed on a sample
holder parallel to each other and sheared using an aluminum-shearing
blade. The shearwas performed at a crosshead speed of 10 mm/min and
a load cell of 5 kg. The force (gf) required to shear the macaroni was
measured in triplicate and the average value was reported.
a load cell of 5 kg. The force (gf) required to shear the macaroni
measured in triplicate and the average value was reported.