Reversible shape memory polymers
The classical SME is a one-way effect, i.e. the permanent shape is recovered after heating. A temporary
shape can only be obtained after mechanical deformation.
Materials featuring a reversible shape memory effect are
capable of switching several times between two different shapes upon an external stimulus without the need
of additional mechanical (deformation) work [16,172]. By
this manner, a great drawback of the standard SMPs –
the missing reversibility – is overcome, which opens the
door for different application fields (e.g., artificial muscles
[153,173,174], shape-changing (nano)particles [175,176]
and “self-peeling” reversible dry adhesives [177]). In order
to achieve the reversible SME, an internal “driving force”
for the back transformation is required.
One design principle for such materials is based on liquid crystal elastomers (LCE) [178–180], which are known
in the liquid crystal (LC) field for their “reversible contraction/extension” behavior [181], or in other words, a
reversible SME. The transition between the anisotropic and
the isotropic phase (i.e. the order of mesogens vanishes)
leads generally to a contraction of the polymer [10]. In contrast to a one-way SMP, the polymer will expand again,
when the temperature is below the transition temperature. Additionally, the uniform alignment of the mesogens
is important for the effect.
Reversible shape memory polymersThe classical SME is a one-way effect, i.e. the permanent shape is recovered after heating. A temporaryshape can only be obtained after mechanical deformation.Materials featuring a reversible shape memory effect arecapable of switching several times between two different shapes upon an external stimulus without the needof additional mechanical (deformation) work [16,172]. Bythis manner, a great drawback of the standard SMPs –the missing reversibility – is overcome, which opens thedoor for different application fields (e.g., artificial muscles[153,173,174], shape-changing (nano)particles [175,176]and “self-peeling” reversible dry adhesives [177]). In orderto achieve the reversible SME, an internal “driving force”for the back transformation is required.One design principle for such materials is based on liquid crystal elastomers (LCE) [178–180], which are knownin the liquid crystal (LC) field for their “reversible contraction/extension” behavior [181], or in other words, areversible SME. The transition between the anisotropic andthe isotropic phase (i.e. the order of mesogens vanishes)leads generally to a contraction of the polymer [10]. In contrast to a one-way SMP, the polymer will expand again,when the temperature is below the transition temperature. Additionally, the uniform alignment of the mesogensis important for the effect.
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