I. OVERVIEW
T HE next generation in the Intel Itanium processor family
code named Tukwila is described. The 21.5 mm by
32.5 mm die contains 2.05 billion transistors, making it the first
two billion transistor microprocessor ever reported. Tukwila
combines four ported Itanium cores with a new system interface
and high speed serial interconnects to deliver greater than 2X
performance relative to the Montecito and Montvale family of
processors [1], [2]. Tukwila is manufactured in a 65 nm process
with 8 layers of copper interconnect as shown in the die photo
in Fig. 1. The Tukwila die is enclosed in a 66 mm 66 mm
FR4 laminate package with 1248 total landed pins as shown in