The pretreatment with sodium carbonate is an efficient methodto improve enzymatic hydrolysis and ethanol production from ricestraw. Pretreatment with 0.5 M Na2CO3at 100◦C and 1:20 g/g solidloading for 3 h can result in complete conversion of glucan of ricestraw by enzymatic hydrolysis. Compare to S. cerevisiae, M. hiemalisis able to produce ethanol with a higher overall yield employing SSF process. Thus, this fungus can be a suitable alternative instead of S.cerevisiae for ethanol production from lignocellulosic wastes.