In the introduction to this chapter, the puzzle that the decline in labor productivity view poses for social evolution was noted. If labor productivity declines or stays steady with changes in technology, and if the division of labor is developing so that a smaller percentage of the society is involved in the food quest, where does the extra food come from? While surplus in general has a contested history (see Pearson 1957; Harris 1959; Dalton 1960; Orans 1966), there can be no doubt that as societies evolve and get more complex, the agricultural sector must develop a surplus to feed the rest of the society