It is perhaps because of the previous lack of indications that the dog originated in southern East Asia that little interest has been focused on dogs from this region. It is generally assumed in the Western World that dogs in South Asia are uniform in appearance, being of medium size, reddish fawn, and with prick or half erect ears and bushy tail, thus resembling the Indian Pariah Dog, the Australian Dingo (although there is some variation in coat colors and coat length in both), or the New Guinea Singing Dog (Figure 2). Furthermore, because the Dingo and New Guinea Singing Dog populations developed several thousand years ago [11, 12], their morphology is considered to be “primitive” and is argued to be similar to that of the earliest domestic dogs [11, 13, 14]. The large range of different morphological traits found among Western dog breeds would therefore primarily be the result of more recent intense selective breeding and possibly of crossbreeding with local wolf in Europe.