the 20 elderly individuals 70 years old selected to participate in this study lived in city S, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea, visited the S Senior Welfare Center, and were randomly assigned to the Nordic walking group or general exercise grope, The inclusion criteria were as follow: ability to understand and agree with the purpose of this study, ability to communicate and demonstrate normal cognition (MMSE (Mini Mental State Examination-Korea): a score>24) , and more than 2 points based on the criteria for frailty in older adults. Prior to participation, all participants were informed about the study's aims and procedures and signed informed consent forms.
This study conformed to the ethical principles of the Declaration of Helsinki, The general characteristic of the subjects are shown in Table.
Pre- and post-intervention assessments were performed in the Nordic walking and general exercise groups, The assessment included measurement of state of weakness, physical function, and depression.
The Korean health Compliance Frailty Assessment Tool for the Elderly , developed by Yoon, was used to assess frailty . It includes a total of 8 items, Scores below 2 are normal ; a score > 2 indicates weakness, and a scores >5 indicates severe weakness. The physical function assessment tool was used to measure physical function in the elderly . The items consisted of balance, lower extremity muscle strength, and upper extremity muscle strength The balance test involved standing on one leg with the eyes open.
The time that a single-leg stance could be maintained was measured, with the time determined by when the raised leg touched the ground or when the foot moved from the origin. Lower extremity muscle strength was assessed by measuring the number of times the subject could stand up from it 46 -cm-high chair, which has no armrests , with their arms crossed and hands on their shoulders before their hands fell from their positions.
Upper arm muscle strength was assessed by measuring the number of times the subject was able to lift a 2-Kg dumbbell above elbow level in 30 seconds
the 20 elderly individuals 70 years old selected to participate in this study lived in city S, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea, visited the S Senior Welfare Center, and were randomly assigned to the Nordic walking group or general exercise grope, The inclusion criteria were as follow: ability to understand and agree with the purpose of this study, ability to communicate and demonstrate normal cognition (MMSE (Mini Mental State Examination-Korea): a score>24) , and more than 2 points based on the criteria for frailty in older adults. Prior to participation, all participants were informed about the study's aims and procedures and signed informed consent forms.This study conformed to the ethical principles of the Declaration of Helsinki, The general characteristic of the subjects are shown in Table.Pre- and post-intervention assessments were performed in the Nordic walking and general exercise groups, The assessment included measurement of state of weakness, physical function, and depression.The Korean health Compliance Frailty Assessment Tool for the Elderly , developed by Yoon, was used to assess frailty . It includes a total of 8 items, Scores below 2 are normal ; a score > 2 indicates weakness, and a scores >5 indicates severe weakness. The physical function assessment tool was used to measure physical function in the elderly . The items consisted of balance, lower extremity muscle strength, and upper extremity muscle strength The balance test involved standing on one leg with the eyes open.The time that a single-leg stance could be maintained was measured, with the time determined by when the raised leg touched the ground or when the foot moved from the origin. Lower extremity muscle strength was assessed by measuring the number of times the subject could stand up from it 46 -cm-high chair, which has no armrests , with their arms crossed and hands on their shoulders before their hands fell from their positions.
Upper arm muscle strength was assessed by measuring the number of times the subject was able to lift a 2-Kg dumbbell above elbow level in 30 seconds
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