Iron, an essential element for nearly all organisms, participates
in most important metabolic reactions, such as the syntheses of
hemoglobin, iron-sulfur protein, and other iron-bearing proteins.
The iron metal is of low cost, is easy to obtain, and emerging effectively degraded contaminants [19]. Additionally, the use of ZVI has
low operation and maintenance costs compared with the use of
other divalent metal ions. For example, nitrate can be converted
to ammonium ion, and ammonia can then be stripped under a
strong alkaline condition; hence the total aqueous nitrogen amount
can be reduced by adding ZVI. Moreover, some major reactions,
which involve nitrate reduction, ammonia production, and ammonia stripping, can be modeled by pseudo first-order kinetics. ZVI
has been investigated as a new medium for the treatment of contaminated water [20]. Thus, the use of ZVI as a reactive medium for
wastewater treatment is a promising technique.