Medicinal Plant Diversity and their Pharmacological
Aspects of Nepal Himalayas
12.5% w/w; Johnson’s Baby Clear Lotion Anti-Mosquito® ). Each herbal repellent was applied in three
diluents; coconut oil, soybean oil and olive oil at 0.33 l/cm2 on the forearm of volunteers. All herbal
repellent exhibited higher repellent activity than IR3535 12.5% w/w, but lower repellent activity than
DEET 20% w/w. The C. odorata oil in coconut oil exhibited excellent activity with 98.9% protection from
bites of A. aegypti for 88.7 ± 10.4 min. In addition, C. citratus in olive oil showed excellent activity with
98.8% protection from bites of C. quinquefasciatus for 170.0 ± 9.0 min. While, DEET 20% w/w gave protec-
tion for 155.0 ± 7.1-182.0 ± 12.2 min and 98.5% protection from bites of two mosquito species. However,
all herbal repellent provided lower repellency activity (97.4-98.9% protection for 10.5-88.7 min) against
A. aegypti than C. quinquefasciatus (98.3-99.2% protection for 60-170 min). Our data exhibited that C. odorata oil and C. citratus oil are suitable to be used as green repellents for mosquito control, which are safe for humans, domestic animals and environmental friendly.