Abstract
Respiratory parameters and sound were recorded during professional flute playing in order to assess what physiological processes were associated
with the control of sound production that results in ‘breath support’ which in turn is associated with high quality playing. Four standing young
professional flautists played flute excerpts with and without breath support. Recordings included optoelectronic plethysmographic measurements
of chest wall volume (Vcw) and its compartments, surface electromyography of the scalene, lateral abdominal, rectus abdominus, parasternal and
sternocleidomastoid muscles, mouth pressure, and sound. Flow was estimated from differentiating Vcw during playing. Results showed that flute
support entails antagonistic contraction of non-diaphragmatic inspiratory muscles that tends to hold the rib cage at higher lung volume. This relieves
the expiratory muscles from the task of producing the right mouth pressure, especially at the end of the phrases, so they can contribute more to the
finer control of mouth pressure modulations required for high quality playing.
© 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.