In recent years, education leaders and the business
world have realized that the standards-based
reform movement was unable to solve the inherent
inequalities in American education or prepare
students for the demands in today's workforce.
As a result, there has been a movement toward
investigating the influence of developmental factors.
The most noteworthy contributors are Angela
Duckworth of University of Pennsylvania, Carol
Dweck of Stanford University, and Farrington and
colleagues (2012) of the University of Chicago.