Mean levels of total and free ammonia were significantly lower
in the molasses group than in the other two groups ( Table1 ; Fig.
1 ). Total ammonia increased somewhat in the dextrose group
on the last 2 days of the experiment ( Fig. 1 A). However, the average levels of toxic ammonia in the BFT groups did not significantly differ from that of the control group on any day of the
experiment ( Fig. 1B).Neither toxic nor total ammonia exceeded
the levels recommended for juvenile Penaeus monodon ( Chen and
Lin, 1992 ) or the hatchery stage of L. vannamei ( Cobo et al., 2012
) in any of the treatments throughout the experiment.