Earth’s atmosphere works something like a giant glass greenhouse. As the sun’s rays enter our atmosphere, most continue on down to the planet’s surface. When they hit the soil or surface waters, those rays release much of their energy as heat. Some of this heat then radiates back into space.
However, several gases in Earth’s atmosphere — such as carbon dioxide, methane and water vapor —work like a blanket to retain much of this heat. That helps to warm our atmosphere. The gases do this by absorbing the heat and radiating it back to Earth’s surface. Such gases are nicknamed “greenhouse gases” because of their heat-trapping effect. Without this so-called greenhouse effect, Earth would be too cold to support most forms of life.
But you can have too much of a good thing. Carbon dioxide is released when people use fossil fuels, such as coal, oil and natural gas. These fuels come from the ancient remains of plants and animals. Products of these fossil fuels, such as gasoline and diesel fuel, power most of the engines that drive cars, airplanes and ships. Coal and other fossil fuels are also burned to run electricity-generating plants that power factories, homes and schools.
By examining air bubbles in ice cores taken from Antarctica, scientists can go back and calculate what the concentrations of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere have been throughout the last 650,000 years. The amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere has been climbing to where today it is 30 percent greater than 650,000 years ago.
That rise in carbon dioxide “is essentially entirely due to the burning of fuels,” Susan Solomon says. An atmospheric chemist at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, outside Boston, she studies factors that affect Earth’s atmosphere and climate.
People have further increased the levels of greenhouse gases in the air by changing the landscape. Plants take up carbon dioxide to make food in a process called photosynthesis. Once cut down, plants can no longer take in carbon dioxide. One result: This gas can begin building up in the air instead of fueling the growth of plants. So by cutting down trees and forests for farmland and other human uses, more carbon dioxide also enters the atmosphere.
“We’ve always had some greenhouse gases in the atmosphere,” Solomon says. “But because we’ve burned a lot of fossil fuels and deforested parts of the planet, we’ve increased the amount of greenhouse gases, and as a result have changed the temperature of the planet.”
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地球の大気は巨大なガラス温室のような何かを動作します。太陽の光線に入ると私たちの雰囲気、ほとんど続ける地球の表面の下に。彼らの土か表面水を打つ、それらの光線は彼らのエネルギーの多く熱としてリリースします。この熱の一部を空間に放射します。ただし、地球の雰囲気の中でいくつかのガス-二酸化炭素、メタン、水蒸気など — この熱の多くを保持する毛布のような仕事。私たちの雰囲気を暖かくのに役立ちます。ガスは熱を吸収し、地球の表面に戻って放射によってこれを行います。そのようなガス熱トラッピング効果のために「温室効果ガス」の愛称。このいわゆる温室効果地球がなければ生活のほとんどの形態をサポートするためにあまりにも寒いです。ことができますあまりにも良いことです。人々 は、石炭、石油、天然ガスなどの化石燃料を使用すると二酸化炭素が解放されます。これらの燃料は、植物や動物の古代遺跡から来る。これら化石燃料は、ガソリンやディーゼル燃料などの製品の電源車、飛行機、船を駆動するエンジンのほとんど。石炭などの化石燃料も熱傷を負うその工場の動力、家庭や学校に電気を生成する植物を実行します。南極大陸から取られる氷床コア中の気泡を調べることによって科学者は戻るし、大気中の二酸化炭素の濃度が過去の 650,000 年間を通じてされているを計算できます。大気中の二酸化炭素の量は今日それが 650,000 年前より 30 % 上昇しています。That rise in carbon dioxide “is essentially entirely due to the burning of fuels,” Susan Solomon says. An atmospheric chemist at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, outside Boston, she studies factors that affect Earth’s atmosphere and climate.People have further increased the levels of greenhouse gases in the air by changing the landscape. Plants take up carbon dioxide to make food in a process called photosynthesis. Once cut down, plants can no longer take in carbon dioxide. One result: This gas can begin building up in the air instead of fueling the growth of plants. So by cutting down trees and forests for farmland and other human uses, more carbon dioxide also enters the atmosphere.“We’ve always had some greenhouse gases in the atmosphere,” Solomon says. “But because we’ve burned a lot of fossil fuels and deforested parts of the planet, we’ve increased the amount of greenhouse gases, and as a result have changed the temperature of the planet.”
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Earth’s atmosphere works something like a giant glass greenhouse. As the sun’s rays enter our atmosphere, most continue on down to the planet’s surface. When they hit the soil or surface waters, those rays release much of their energy as heat. Some of this heat then radiates back into space.
However, several gases in Earth’s atmosphere — such as carbon dioxide, methane and water vapor —work like a blanket to retain much of this heat. That helps to warm our atmosphere. The gases do this by absorbing the heat and radiating it back to Earth’s surface. Such gases are nicknamed “greenhouse gases” because of their heat-trapping effect. Without this so-called greenhouse effect, Earth would be too cold to support most forms of life.
But you can have too much of a good thing. Carbon dioxide is released when people use fossil fuels, such as coal, oil and natural gas. These fuels come from the ancient remains of plants and animals. Products of these fossil fuels, such as gasoline and diesel fuel, power most of the engines that drive cars, airplanes and ships. Coal and other fossil fuels are also burned to run electricity-generating plants that power factories, homes and schools.
By examining air bubbles in ice cores taken from Antarctica, scientists can go back and calculate what the concentrations of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere have been throughout the last 650,000 years. The amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere has been climbing to where today it is 30 percent greater than 650,000 years ago.
That rise in carbon dioxide “is essentially entirely due to the burning of fuels,” Susan Solomon says. An atmospheric chemist at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, outside Boston, she studies factors that affect Earth’s atmosphere and climate.
People have further increased the levels of greenhouse gases in the air by changing the landscape. Plants take up carbon dioxide to make food in a process called photosynthesis. Once cut down, plants can no longer take in carbon dioxide. One result: This gas can begin building up in the air instead of fueling the growth of plants. So by cutting down trees and forests for farmland and other human uses, more carbon dioxide also enters the atmosphere.
“We’ve always had some greenhouse gases in the atmosphere,” Solomon says. “But because we’ve burned a lot of fossil fuels and deforested parts of the planet, we’ve increased the amount of greenhouse gases, and as a result have changed the temperature of the planet.”
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