The basic concepts of the statistical design of experiments and data analysis were
discovered in the early part of the 20th century as a cost effective research design tool to
help improve yields in farming. Since then, many types of designs experiments and
analysis techniques have been developed to meet the diverse needs of researchers and
engineers. One of such experimental designs is called the block design. A block design is
a set together with a family of subsets (repeated subsets are allowed at times) whose
members are chosen to satisfy some set of properties that are deemed useful for a
particular application. These applications come from many areas, including experimental
design, finite geometry, software testing, cryptography, and algebraic geometry. Many
variations have been examined, but the most intensely studied are the balanced
incomplete block designs (BIBDs) which historically were related to statistical issues in
the design of experiments. There exist several studies carried out in the area of the
balanced incomplete block design. Yates (1936), Bose (1939), Fisher (1940) and Bose
(1949) have extensively worked and concluded that an incomplete block design with
treatment, each replicated r times in b blocks of size k, is said to be group divisible (GD)
if the treatment can be divided into m groupseach with t treatments, so that the treatment
belonging to the same group occurs together in 1
blocks and treatment belonging to
different group occurs together in 2
blocks.