The efforts were prompted by the party's realization that the arrogance of party and government functionaries had engendered only public apathy.
On the industrial front, much emphasis was now placed on realistic and efficient planning; ideological fervor and mass movements were no longer the controlling themes of industrial management.
Production authority was restored to factory managers.
Another notable emphasis after 1961 was the party's greater interest in strengthening the defense and internal security establishment.
By early 1965 the country was well on its way to recovery under the direction of the party apparatus, or, to be more specific, the Central Committee's Secretariat headed by Secretary General Deng Xiaoping