number of doctorate in mathematics education awarded in the United States roughly doubled from 1967 to 1973, The establishment and expansion of doctoral programs created opportunities for mathematics education with an interest in research to obtain faculty positions allowing them to not only teach mathematics and train teachers as mathematics educators had done for years but also conduct research studies with the aid of graduate students. A few people were able to obtain a full-time research position in a university or in one of the newly formed institutes and centers connected with a university; most ,however, relies on special-purpose grants and contracts from foundations or the government to support their research.