Many efforts have been made to lower the computation or communication cost of data centers. Data center resizing (DCR) has been proposed to reduce the computation cost by adjusting the number of activated servers via task
placement
[3]. Based on DCR, some studies have explored the geographical distribution nature of data centers and electricitypriceheterogeneitytolowertheelectricitycost
[4]–[6]. Big data service frameworks, e.g.,
[7], comprisea distributed file system underneath, which distributes data chunks and their replicas across the data centers for fine-grained loadbalancing and high parallel data access performance. To reduce the communication cost, a few recent studies make efforts to improve data locality by placing jobs on the servers where the input data reside to avoid remote data loading [7], [8].