of transformational leadership and objective measures of organizational innovation) to minimize the effects of any response bias (Podsakoff et al., 2003).
Fourth, the study data are cross-sectional, hindering examination of the evolution of the variables in this study.
This aspect is of particular interest given the dynamic nature of some variables.
Although the authors test the most plausible directions for the pathways in the study model, only longitudinal research can assess the direction of causality of the relationship and detect possible reciprocal processes.
The authors have tried to temper this limitation through attention to theoretical arguments by rationalizing the analyzed relationships and integrating temporal considerations into measurement of the variables (Hair et al., 1999). Fifth, future studies should analyze a larger sample, preferably in more than one country and in other sectors.
Finally, the model only analyzes the relation between transformational leadership and organizational performance through organizational learning and organizational innovation. Although selected variables explain an acceptable amount of variance in organizational performance, research could analyze other intermediate constructs, such as shared vision, teamwork or technology (Senge et al., 1994).
Future studies might also examine other consequences of introducing learning and innovation processes in organizations (e.g., quality improvement, staff satisfaction, and improvements in relational capacity).
The homogeneous geographical context examined here limits the influence of external factors, but future research might well explicitly integrate the influence of external factors (Aragon Correa and Sharma, 2003).
of transformational leadership and objective measures of organizational innovation) to minimize the effects of any response bias (Podsakoff et al., 2003). Fourth, the study data are cross-sectional, hindering examination of the evolution of the variables in this study. This aspect is of particular interest given the dynamic nature of some variables. Although the authors test the most plausible directions for the pathways in the study model, only longitudinal research can assess the direction of causality of the relationship and detect possible reciprocal processes. The authors have tried to temper this limitation through attention to theoretical arguments by rationalizing the analyzed relationships and integrating temporal considerations into measurement of the variables (Hair et al., 1999). Fifth, future studies should analyze a larger sample, preferably in more than one country and in other sectors. Finally, the model only analyzes the relation between transformational leadership and organizational performance through organizational learning and organizational innovation. Although selected variables explain an acceptable amount of variance in organizational performance, research could analyze other intermediate constructs, such as shared vision, teamwork or technology (Senge et al., 1994). Future studies might also examine other consequences of introducing learning and innovation processes in organizations (e.g., quality improvement, staff satisfaction, and improvements in relational capacity). The homogeneous geographical context examined here limits the influence of external factors, but future research might well explicitly integrate the influence of external factors (Aragon Correa and Sharma, 2003).
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