2.1 Ammonia/Water Absorption Cycle
An Absorption Cycle can be viewed as a mechanical vapor-compression cycle, with the compressor replaced by a generator, absorber and liquid pump. Absorption cycles produce cooling and/or heating with thermal input and minimal electric input, by using heat and mass exchangers, pumps and valves. The absorption cycle is based on the principle that absorbing ammonia in water causes the vapor pressure to decrease. The basic operation of an ammonia-water absorption cycle is as follows. Heat is applied to the generator, which contains a solution of ammonia water, rich in ammonia. The heat causes high pressure ammonia vapor to desorb the solution. Heat can either be from combustion of a fuel such as clean-burning natural gas, or waste heat from engine exhaust, other industrial processes, solar heat, or any other heat source. The high pressure ammonia vapor flows to a condenser, typically cooled by outdoor air. The ammonia vapor condenses into a high pressure liquid, releasing heat which can be used for product heat, such as space heating. The high pressure ammonia liquid goes through a restriction, to the low pressure side of the cycle. This liquid, at low pressures, boils or evaporates in the evaporator. This provides the cooling or refrigeration product. The low pressure vapor flows to the absorber, which contains a water-rich solution obtained from the generator. This solution absorbs the ammonia while releasing the heat of absorption. This heat can be used as product heat or for internal heat recovery in other parts of the cycle, thus unloading the burner and increasing cycle efficiency. The solution in the absorber, now once again rich in ammonia, is pumped to the generator, where it is ready to repeat the cycle.
2.1 แอมโมเนีย/น้ำดูดซึมรอบAn Absorption Cycle can be viewed as a mechanical vapor-compression cycle, with the compressor replaced by a generator, absorber and liquid pump. Absorption cycles produce cooling and/or heating with thermal input and minimal electric input, by using heat and mass exchangers, pumps and valves. The absorption cycle is based on the principle that absorbing ammonia in water causes the vapor pressure to decrease. The basic operation of an ammonia-water absorption cycle is as follows. Heat is applied to the generator, which contains a solution of ammonia water, rich in ammonia. The heat causes high pressure ammonia vapor to desorb the solution. Heat can either be from combustion of a fuel such as clean-burning natural gas, or waste heat from engine exhaust, other industrial processes, solar heat, or any other heat source. The high pressure ammonia vapor flows to a condenser, typically cooled by outdoor air. The ammonia vapor condenses into a high pressure liquid, releasing heat which can be used for product heat, such as space heating. The high pressure ammonia liquid goes through a restriction, to the low pressure side of the cycle. This liquid, at low pressures, boils or evaporates in the evaporator. This provides the cooling or refrigeration product. The low pressure vapor flows to the absorber, which contains a water-rich solution obtained from the generator. This solution absorbs the ammonia while releasing the heat of absorption. This heat can be used as product heat or for internal heat recovery in other parts of the cycle, thus unloading the burner and increasing cycle efficiency. The solution in the absorber, now once again rich in ammonia, is pumped to the generator, where it is ready to repeat the cycle.
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